File System, Object Storage, Tapes: Where to Store Backups?

In 2025, the International Data Corporation (IDC) projects that unstructured data will account for 80% of all data globally. Therefore, managing data load has become a big part of business-critical issues as organizations welcome petabytes of data daily.

With data volumes skyrocketing, cyber dangers growing, and regulatory pressure mounting, your backup storage option may influence how quickly (or not) you recover after a disaster. However, with so many options—file systems, object storage, and even legacy tape—how do you choose the correct one? The answer is determined by your specific backup use case rather than the technology itself.

In this article, we will review the most common backup requirements and help you determine which storage option is ideal for each. Whether you’re managing cloud-native apps or protecting archive documents, you’ll have a clear sense of what belongs where and why.

Key Backup Requirements That Shape Storage Choices

Before diving into the storage types themselves, let’s look at the real-world needs that should guide your decision:

Storing Large Volumes of Unstructured Data: This includes images, videos, IoT sensor data, logs, and social content. These data are not just large—they’re often static, accessed infrequently, and rapidly growing. You’ll want a storage option that scales effortlessly and doesn’t blow your budget.

Retaining Archived Data for Years: Sometimes, compliance or industry standards require long-term data retention. Consider financial records, legal files, or patient information. These data are rarely accessed but must be preserved securely and affordably.

Recovering from Disasters with Speed:When systems fail or ransomware strikes, time is everything. You’ll need backup storage that supports rapid restore operations and low-latency access, preferably on-site or within fast-reach infrastructure.

Operating in Hybrid and Cloud-Heavy Environments: Remote teams, distributed workloads, and cloud-native apps need accessible, API-driven, and cloud-compatible backup solutions. Scalability and flexibility matter more than physical media here.

With these use cases in mind, let’s now explore the three major backup storage types: file system, object storage, and tape.

File System: How It Works

Data in file system storage is arranged hierarchically using folders and directories. Most people use this model—files are kept on local drives or network-attached storage (NAS) devices; they have paths, names, and extensions.

Why Use a File System for Backup?

File systems are ideal for routinely accessed user-generated material or backed-up structured data. They permit rapid file- or folder-level restores and offer basic backup tools.

Best Use Cases:

• Endpoint backups (laptops, desktops)
• Departmental shares
• File servers
• Daily or weekly incremental backups
• Situations requiring fast and granular recovery

Pros:

• Easy to set up and manage
• Fast access and recovery for smaller datasets
• Familiar structure for users and admins
• Low barrier to entry

Limitations:

• Poor scalability for massive data volumes
• Not optimized for unstructured or infrequently accessed data
• Vulnerable to ransomware if not isolated or air-gapped

File systems are the go-to for daily backup requirements in smaller to mid-sized environments or as part of a multi-tiered backup plan where performance and simplicity of access are paramount.

Object Storage: How It Works

Treated as separate “objects,” object storage bundles metadata and a unique ID for each data. Unlike file systems, it is not dependent on folders or directories. Instead, items are accessed via RESTful APIs from a flat address space.

Why Use Object Storage for Backup?

Objective storage is meant for unstructured data and cloud-scale operations. It’s ideal for backup instances when remote access, long-term retention, and adaptability are critical.

Best Use Cases:

• Backing up cloud-native applications
• Storing logs, images, and sensor data
• Long-term archiving of static files
• Disaster recovery across multiple geographic regions
• Environments using automation or containerization (e.g., Kubernetes)

Pros:

• Virtually unlimited scalability
• Excellent for unstructured and infrequently accessed data
• Easy integration with cloud-based workloads
• Supports metadata-rich backups (great for indexing and search)
• Enables geo-replication and distributed redundancy

Limitations:

• Higher latency for small file access
• Requires API knowledge or management platform
• Not optimal for structured, frequently accessed transactional data

Object storage is an excellent, future-proof choice whether you are managing terabytes or petabytes of backup data—especially if it is headed for cloud or long-term storage.

Tape Backup: How It Works

Tape backup entails writing data to magnetic tape cartridges, typically using dedicated hardware like tape drives or libraries. Once written, these tapes offer physical separation from active systems by being kept offline or delivered elsewhere.

Why Use Tape for Backup?

Tape’s low cost-per-gigabyte, durability, and immutability make it useful for archive and disaster recovery even now. It’s extremely important in air-gapped settings, where ransomware danger is a concern.

Best Use Cases:

• Archiving large volumes of data for 5+ years
• Meeting compliance retention requirements
• Adding an offline layer to your disaster recovery plan
• Cold storage for infrequently accessed backups

Pros:

• High durability and longevity (often 30+ years)
• Highly cost-effective for long-term storage
• Immune to online threats (air-gapped)
• Low energy consumption compared to disk-based storage

Limitations:

• Slower restore times
• Requires physical management and logistics
• Not suitable for fast access or frequent backups
• Limited scalability without manual intervention

Tape is an excellent “last line of defense” and remains a wise choice for deep archiving, especially when combined with faster-access solutions like disk or object storage.

File System vs. Object Storage vs. Tapes: Match Your Storage to Business Strategy

Where to store backups is a question without a one-size-fits-all solution. The correct decision will depend on your company’s data types, access needs, compliance criteria, and financial situation. Many times, a hybrid strategy provides the best of both worlds. Here’s a quick bullet-point guide to help you decide:

Choose File System backup if:

• You need fast and simple access to files.
• You’re backing up structured, active data.
• Your recovery time objective (RTO) is tight.

Choose Object Storage if:

• You handle unstructured or cloud-native data.
• You require scalability and metadata-rich management.
• You need to store backups across regions or integrate with cloud tools

Choose Tape if:

• You need long-term, low-cost archival storage.
• You want offline, ransomware-resistant backups.
• You’re working under strict retention or compliance policies.

In the end, strategic backup storage is about creating resilience rather than only averting disasters. Understanding your backup goals and matching them to the strengths of every storage type helps ensure your data is ready rather than merely secure when the worst strikes.